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Hello World

Ang tradisyon ng giba ay isang mahalagang bahagi ng kasaysayan at kultura ng Sulu, na malalim na nakaugat sa linya ng pamumuno at kagitingang naipamana sa bawat henerasyon. Ang sinaunang kaugaliang ito, na mahalaga sa seremonyal na pagpapamana ng kapangyarihan ng mga Sultan, ay sumasalamin sa lakas at katatagan ng mga Tausūg at sa kanilang dedikasyon sa pagpapanatili ng kanilang pamana.

Pinagmulan ng Giba

Ang tradisyon ng giba ay nagmula noong panahon kung kailan malawak na ipinatutupad ang batas ng Shariah sa Sulu. Ayon sa Salasilah sin Upat Apo (Tarsila ng Apat na Nakatatanda), nagsimula ang konsepto ng giba sa panahon ni Sayyid Sharif Balfaki Alawi. Sa panahong ito, binigyang-diin ni Tuan Sharef Mahadum Aminullah Amirilmuhminin ang pagtatatag ng pamahalaan na naaayon sa mga prinsipyo ng Islam. Dahil dito, itinalaga si Tuan Sharef Shareful Hashim Amirilmuhminin bilang Sultan, at isinagawa ang seremonya ng giba sa pangunguna ni Tuan Sharef Alawi Barfaki Amirilmuhminin. Ang salitang giba ay nangangahulugang “umupo sa kandungan,” na sumisimbolo sa pormal at sagradong paglipat ng kapangyarihan. Nakasaad sa Salasilah sin Upat Apo: “Tuan Sharef Mahadum Aminullah Amirilmuhminin, pagka mahantap na in sarah agama islam pag tuhan natuh mag paaun na kita niyu pamarinta, amuna in kagulal kan Tuan Sharef Shareful Hashim Amirilmuhminin, gibha sin Tuan Sharef Alawi Barfaki Amirilmuhminin, liyangan sin Tuan Sharef Kimar Aminullah Amirilmuhminin, iban sin kaibanan kakasi limangan ampa liguh sin ayah, ubus liguh tiyamungan sin tamungun pamarinta ha waktu bihayaun, adlaw bihaun, bulan bihaun, tahun bihaun, kulang labi lisag 9:00 sin mainaat, isnin, Muharram, 758 Hijrah. Buansa Indanan, Sulu.”

Ang mga Tagapangalaga ng Giba

Tradisyunal na iniatang ang responsibilidad ng pagsasagawa ng seremonya ng giba sa piling mga pamilya upang mapanatili ang kasagraduhan at pagpapatuloy nito. Sa mga pamilyang ito, natatangi ang Bandahala ng Sulu at ang Sharif Ligaddung ng Tawi-Tawi bilang mga kinikilalang tagapangalaga ng giba. Isa sa mga unang kilalang tagapangalaga ng giba ay si Binatal Ara’ ng Parang, na kapatid ni Sattiya Munuh. Pagkatapos ni Binatal Ara’, nailipat ang responsibilidad kay Panglima Bandahala, kasunod ang kanyang anak na si Panglima Caluang, at sa huli ay kay Captain Kalingalan Caluang. Pinatutunayan ng linyang ito ang matibay na panata ng bawat henerasyon sa pagsunod sa banal na tradisyon.

Ang Linya ng Lahi o Tarsila ni Captain Kalingalan Caluang

Si Captain Kalingalan Caluang ay isang tanyag na pigura sa kasaysayan ng Sulu, na sumasalamin sa kagitingan at pamumuno na nauugnay sa kanyang angkan. Anak siya ni Panglima Caluang, na anak naman ni Panglima Bandahala, at sumusunod sa linya nina Sattiya Munuh at Sayyid Sharif Qasim/Kasim. Ayon sa tradisyong pasalita, si Sayyid Sharif Qasim/Kasim ay nagmula kay Apuh Barwa, isa sa mga Lumpang Basih, at may mga ulat na nag-uugnay sa kanya kay Sayyid Sharif Balfaki Alawi.

Ang Huling Sultan na Sumailalim sa Giba

Ang huling Sultan na sumailalim sa seremonya ng giba ay si Sultan Jainal Abirin, na kilala rin bilang Datu Tambuyong. Siya ay apo sa tuhod ni Sultan Shakirul-Lah at tinuruan ng kasanayan sa pangangabayo at pamumuno ni Sayyid Captain Kalingalan Caluang, na nagsagawa rin ng seremonya ng giba para sa kanya.

Mga Kamag-anak ni Sayyid Sharif Kalingalan Caluang

Upang bigyang-diin ang lahi at ugnayan ni Sayyid Kapitan Kalingalan Caluang, ang mga sumusunod na kilalang kamag-anak ay itinatampok:

1. 2nd Lieutenant Imam Marajukin L. Ahad (kilala rin bilang Imam Jamalul o Imam Illawwah): Ipinanganak noong Abril 9, 1918, sa Tapian Bohey, Mantabuan, siya ang ika-apat sa pitong magkakapatid. Ang kanyang ama, si Sayyid Mohammad Ahad Sayyid Wahidun Bin Jalang, ay may lahing Ba Alawi mula sa Yemen. Si Imam Jamalul ay pinsan ni Sayyid Kapitan Kalingalan Caluang, ayon sa pahayag ng kanyang inapo, si Sayyid Nasser Misal Marajukin.

2. Panglima Mammah: Anak ni Panglima Mangummah (kilala rin bilang Panglima Sakadudukan) at apo ni Sultan Muhammad Jamalul A'zam I, si Panglima Mammah ay tiyuhin ni Sayyid Kapitan Kalingalan Caluang. Si Hj Ayyub Mammah, anak ni Panglima Mammah, ay pinsan ni Sayyid Kapitan Kalingalan Caluang. Ang kanilang malapit na ugnayan ay matibay na naaalala, ayon sa salaysay ng anak na babae ni Hj Ayyub Mammah at apo niyang si Sayyid John Mammah Manaligod.

Bilang karagdagan, nang makatagpo ni Sultan Jamalul Kiram III si Hja Marma Caluang Hussin, anak ni Hji Yahya Caluang (anak ni Kapitan Kalingalan Caluang), inamin niyang may kaugnayan sila sa pamilya, at sinabi niya na sila ni Hji Yahya Caluang ay magpinsan.

Ang mga inapo ng kilalang iskolar ng Sulu na si Tuan Bangsa Bahasuan Akip ay patuloy na tinatawag si Sayyid Kapitan Kalingalan Caluang at ang kanyang mga inapo bilang “Sharif,” na higit pang nagpapatibay ng kanilang marangal na lahi.

Ang Pamilya ng Sattiya Munuh

Ang pamilya ni Sattiya Munuh, mula sa kanino nagmula ang pangangalaga ng giba, ay may mataas na posisyon sa kasaysayan ng Sulu. Ang mga tradisyong pasalita na ipinasa-pasa sa mga henerasyon ay binibigyang-diin ang magkasanib na lahi ng pamilya sa Sultanato at ang kanilang posibleng mas malapit na ugnayan sa lahi ni Propeta Muhammad (sumakanya nawa ang kapayapaan). Ang magkasanib na ninuno na ito ay nagpatibay ng kanilang pantay na, kung hindi man mas mataas, na kalagayan, tulad ng makikita sa kasanayan ng pamilya na hindi tawaging “Ampun” ang Sultan, isang termino ng paggalang. Ang pagkakaibang ito ay nagpapakita ng kanilang iginagalang na katayuan bilang matatandang kamag-anak ng lahi ng Sultanato.

Panglima Bandahala: Isang Pinagkakatiwalaang Tagapayo at Kanang kamay

Si Panglima Bandahala, isang mahalagang tauhan sa kasaysayan ng Sulu, ang pinagkakatiwalaang tagapayo at kanang kamay ni Sultan Jamalul Kiram II. Kilala sa kanyang tapat na paglilingkod at karunungan, si Panglima Bandahala ang unang pinupuntahan ng Sultan para sa anumang mahalagang desisyon o kasunduan. Ang kanyang impluwensiya ay umabot pa sa labas ng korte, at madalas siyang sumama kay Sultan Jamalul Kiram II sa mga paglalakbay patungong iba't ibang lugar, kabilang ang Zamboanga, na nagpapalakas sa kanyang papel bilang isang matatag na kasamahan at tagapayo.

Pamana ng Tradisyong Pasalita

Ang tradisyon ng giba ay maingat na naipasa sa bawat henerasyon, pinapanatili ang diwa ng kulturang ito. Sina Haji Yahya Caluang at ang kanyang kapatid na si MNLF Field Marshal Al Hussein Caluang, mga anak ni Captain Kalingalan Caluang, ay nagbahagi ng kasaysayan ng giba mula sa kanilang ama at mga nakatatanda. Ang pamana ng giba ay sumasalamin hindi lamang sa patuloy na pamumuno sa Sulu kundi sa matinding paggalang sa mga tradisyong nag-uugnay sa mga tao sa kanilang nakaraan. Sa pag-iingat at paggalang sa mga kaugaliang ito, patuloy na ipinagdiriwang ng mga Tausūg ang kanilang mayamang pamana at ang mga pagpapahalagang naglalarawan sa kanilang pagkakakilanlan bilang isang matapang at nagkakaisang bayan.

Tala mula sa may Akda:

Ang pagbabahagi ng tradisyong pasalita na ipinasa-pasa sa aming pamilya ay isang mapagpakumbabang ngunit makabuluhang kontribusyon sa pangangalaga ng kulturang Tausug at sa pamana ng Sultanato. Bagamat may mga nagsasabing kulang sa mga nakasulat na tala ang mga tradisyong ito, mahalagang maunawaan na hindi lahat ng nakasulat na akda ay totoo o tumpak. Ang kasaysayan ay madalas na hinuhubog ng pananaw ng mga sumusulat nito, at hindi lahat ng mga taong may tungkuling magtala ng kasaysayan ay patas o tapat. Ang kawalan ng nakasulat na tala ay hindi nangangahulugang wala o walang halaga ang mga tradisyong ito; sa halip, ipinapakita nito ang responsibilidad ng mga oral na historyador na itaguyod at ibahagi ang kaalaman na ipinagkatiwala sa kanila. Ang katotohanan na ang ilan sa mga inapo ng mga Sultan ay nakakalimot sa mga kaugaliang ito ay hindi nagpapababa ng kanilang makasaysayang halaga o pagiging tunay. Ang pangunahing layunin ko ay sa pag-aaral, pagpapatibay, at pangangalaga ng mga marangal na lahi, lalo na ang mga nag-uugnay pabalik kay Propeta Muhammad (ﷺ). Binibigyang-diin ni Propeta (ﷺ) ang kahalagahan ng pagkilala at pangangalaga ng sariling lahi, na nagsasabing:

Ayon kay Abu Huraira: Ipinahayag ng Propeta, ang kapayapaan at mga pagpapala ay sumakanya,

“Alamin ang inyong mga lahi upang mapagtibay ang inyong mga ugnayang pamilya. Sa katunayan, ang pagpapanatili ng ugnayang pamilya ay nagdudulot ng pag-ibig sa mga kamag-anak, nagpapalago ng yaman, at nagpapahaba ng buhay.” Pinagmulan: Sunan al-Tirmidhī 1979

عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ عَنْ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ تَعَلَّمُوا مِنْ أَنْسَابِكُمْ مَا تَصِلُونَ بِهِ أَرْحَامَكُمْ فَإِنَّ صِلَةَ الرَّحِمِ مَحَبَّةٌ فِي الْأَهْلِ مَثْرَاةٌ فِي الْمَالِ مَنْسَأَةٌ فِي الْأَثَرِ

1979 سنن الترمذي كتاب البر والصلة باب ما جاء في تعليم النسب

Ang mga iskolar ng Islam ay kinikilala ang kahalagahan ng pangangalaga ng lahi, na tinutukoy ito bilang mahalaga sa pag-unawa ng mga ugnayang pampamilya, pagpapanatili ng pagkakaisa sa komunidad, at pagpaparangal sa marangal na pamana ng mga inapo ni Propeta. Sa pamamagitan ng pagdodokumento at pagbabahagi ng mga tradisyong pasalita na ito, layunin kong magbigay ng kontribusyon sa pagpapalakas at pangangalaga ng marangal na lahi na ito, upang matiyak ang patuloy nitong pag-iral para sa mga susunod na henerasyon. Ang gawaing ito ay isang simpleng pagsusumikap upang protektahan ang mayamang pangkultura at makasaysayang pamana ng mga Tausug. Layunin nitong itulay ang agwat sa pagitan ng mga oral at nakasulat na tradisyon, ipinagdiriwang ang lalim ng aming pamana at hinihikayat ang iba na pahalagahan at pangalagaan ang kanilang sariling mga kwento ng ninuno.

References

1. Quiling, Mucha-Shim (2020). “Lumpang Basih”. Journal of Studies on Traditional Knowledge in Sulu Archipelago and Its People, and in the Neighboring Nusantara. 3. Retrieved 20 May 2023.
2. Caluang, Calingalan. “One of the Narrations Regarding the Lumpang Basih.” Retrieved from https://medium.com/@calhussin96/one-of-the-narrations-regarding-the-lumpang-basih-66a1c9b02be6.
3. Shim Quiling, Mucha. “Tawi-tawi Celebrates Karim’ul Makhdum Day”. MindaNews. Retrieved November 7, 2016.
4. Sunyoto, Agus (2003). Suluk Abdul Jalil: Perjalanan Ruhani Syeikh Siti Jenar. Lembaga Kajian Islam dan Sosial (LKIS). ISBN 979–9492–75–0.
5. Aljunied, S. M. K. (2019). Islam in Malaysia: An Entwined History. Oxford University Press.
6. Montalvan II, Antonio (2013–03–11). “The Last Sultan”. INQUIRER.net. Retrieved December 21, 2020.
7. Espaldon, Senator Ernesto (1997). With the Bravest: The Untold Story of the Sulu Freedom Fighters of World War II. Bureau of Public Printing.
8. Caluang, Calingalan. “The Hero Sayyid Kalingalan Caluang.” Retrieved from https://medium.com/@calhussin96.
9. “Faqir Cali.” Retrieved from https://facinote.com/faqircali/.
10. “Sayyid Kalingalan Caluang.” Retrieved from https://sufitariqaphilippines.wordpress.com/?s=caluang.
11. “Salasilah Sin Upat Apo.” Retrieved from https://parsugpatan.blogspot.com/2010/08/salasilah-sin-upat-apo_01.html.

The tradition of giba holds a significant place in the history and culture of Sulu, deeply rooted in the lineage of leadership and valor passed down through generations. This ancient practice, integral to the ceremonial succession of Sultans, reflects the strength and resilience of the Tausūg people and their dedication to preserving their heritage.

The Origins of Giba

The origins of giba trace back to the era when Shariah law was widely practiced in Sulu. According to the Salasilah sin Upat Apo (Tarsila of the Four Elders), the concept of giba began during the time of Sayyid Sharif Balfaki Alawi. It was during this transformative period that Tuan Sharef Mahadum Aminullah Amirilmuhminin emphasized the establishment of governance in line with Islamic principles. This led to the appointment of Tuan Sharef Shareful Hashim Amirilmuhminin as Sultan, with the giba ceremony instituted by Tuan Sharef Alawi Barfaki Amirilmuhminin. The term giba itself signifies “to sit on the lap,” symbolizing the formal and sacred transfer of authority. The Salasilah sin Upat Apo narrates: “Tuan Sharef Mahadum Aminullah Amirilmuhminin, pagka mahantap na in sarah agama islam pag tuhan natuh mag paaun na kita niyu pamarinta, amuna in kagulal kan Tuan Sharef Shareful Hashim Amirilmuhminin, gibha sin Tuan Sharef Alawi Barfaki Amirilmuhminin, liyangan sin Tuan Sharef Kimar Aminullah Amirilmuhminin, iban sin kaibanan kakasi limangan ampa liguh sin ayah, ubus liguh tiyamungan sin tamungun pamarinta ha waktu bihayaun, adlaw bihaun, bulan bihaun, tahun bihaun, kulang labi lisag 9:00 sin mainaat, isnin, Muharram, 758 Hijrah. Buansa Indanan, Sulu.”

The Stewards of Giba

Traditionally, the responsibility of performing the giba ceremony was entrusted to select families, ensuring its sanctity and continuity. Among these families, the Bandahala of Sulu and the Sharif Ligaddung of Tawi-Tawi were uniquely honored with this duty. One of the earliest known stewards of the giba was Binatal Ara’ of Parang, who was a brother of Sattiya Munuh. After Binatal Ara’, the responsibility passed to Panglima Bandahala, then to his son, Panglima Caluang, and subsequently to Captain Kalingalan Caluang. This lineage underscores the enduring familial commitment to this sacred tradition

The Lineage of Captain Kalingalan Caluang

Captain Kalingalan Caluang, a prominent figure in Sulu history, epitomized the valor and leadership associated with his lineage. He was the son of Panglima Caluang, who was the son of Panglima Bandahala, further tracing back to Sattiya Munuh and Sayyid Sharif Qasim/Kasim. Oral traditions suggest that Sayyid Sharif Qasim/Kasim descended from Apuh Barwa, one of the Lumpang Basih, with some accounts linking him to Sayyid Sharif Balfaki Alawi. It is believed that “Barwa” may have been a title for Sharif Balfaki Alawi.

The Last Sultan to Undergo Giba

The last Sultan to undergo the giba ceremony was Sultan Jainal Abirin, also known as Datu Tambuyong. A great-great-grandson of Sultan Shakirul-Lah, Sultan Jainal Abirin was trained in horsemanship and leadership by Sayyid Captain Kalingalan Caluang, who also performed the giba ceremony for him. This close mentorship and the ceremonial affirmation of his rule highlight the enduring importance of giba as a cornerstone of legitimate succession. Many consider Sultan Jainal Abirin the last legitimate Sultan of Sulu, further solidifying the pivotal role of Captain Kalingalan Caluang in preserving this ancient tradition

Relatives of Sayyid Sharif Kalingalan Caluang

To underscore the lineage and relationship of Sayyid Captain Kalingalan Caluang, the following notable relatives are highlighted: 1. 2nd Lieutenant Imam Marajukin L. Ahad (also known as Imam Jamalul or Imam Illawwah): Born on April 9, 1918, in Tapian Bohey, Mantabuan, he was the fourth of seven siblings. His father, Sayyid Mohammad Ahad Sayyid Wahidun Bin Jalang, traced his lineage to the Ba Alawi family in Yemen. Imam Jamalul is a cousin of Sayyid Captain Kalingalan Caluang, as confirmed by his descendant, Sayyid Nasser Misal Marajukin. 2. Panglima Mammah: The son of Panglima Mangummah (also known as Panglima Sakadudukan) and grandson of Sultan Muhammad Jamalul A'zam I, Panglima Mammah was the uncle of Sayyid Captain Kalingalan Caluang. Hj Ayyub Mammah, Panglima Mammah's son, was a cousin of Sayyid Captain Kalingalan Caluang. Their close relationship is well-remembered, as narrated by Hj Ayyub Mammah's daughter and his grandson, Sayyid John Mammah Manaligod. Additionally, when Sultan Jamalul Kiram III met Hja Marma Caluang Hussin, daughter of Hji Yahya Caluang (son of Captain Kalingalan Caluang), he acknowledged their familial connection, stating that he and Hji Yahya Caluang were cousins. The descendants of the renowned Sulu scholar, Tuan Bangsa Bahasuan Akip, also consistently addressed Sayyid Captain Kalingalan Caluang and his descendants as “Sharif,” further affirming their esteemed lineage.

The Esteemed Family of Sattiya Munuh

The family of Sattiya Munuh, from whom the stewardship of giba descends, holds a revered position within Sulu’s history. Oral traditions passed down through the generations emphasize the family’s shared lineage with the Sultanate and their potential closer genealogical connection to Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him). This shared ancestry underscored their equal, if not superior, standing, as reflected in the family’s practice of refraining from addressing the Sultan as “Ampun,” a term denoting deference. This distinction highlights their respected status as elder relatives of the Sultanate’s lineage.

Panglima Bandahala: A Trusted Advisor

Panglima Bandahala, a pivotal figure in Sulu history, was the most trusted adviser and right-hand man of Sultan Jamalul Kiram II. Known for his unwavering loyalty and wisdom, Panglima Bandahala was the Sultan’s first point of consultation for any significant decision or agreement. His influence extended beyond the court, as he frequently accompanied Sultan Jamalul Kiram II on travels to various places, including Zamboanga, solidifying his role as a steadfast companion and counselor.

Oral Tradition and Legacy

The oral tradition of giba has been meticulously passed down through generations, preserving the essence of this cultural practice. Haji Yahya Caluang and his brother MNLF Field Marshal Al Hussein Caluang, sons of Captain Kalingalan Caluang, recounted the history of giba as shared by their father and elders. These narratives trace back to Sayyid Sharif Qasim/Kasim and emphasize the importance of giba as a ceremonial cornerstone in Sulu’s governance and culture. The enduring legacy of giba reflects not only the historical continuity of Sulu’s leadership but also the profound respect for traditions that bind its people to their past. By safeguarding and honoring these practices, the people of Sulu continue to celebrate their rich heritage and the values of bravery and unity that define their identity.

Note from the Author:

Sharing the oral tradition passed down through my family is a humble yet significant contribution to the preservation of Tausug culture and the Sultanate's heritage. While some may argue that these traditions lack written records, it is crucial to understand that not all written accounts are inherently truthful or accurate. History is often shaped by the perspectives of those who write it, and not all individuals tasked with documenting history are impartial or honest. The absence of a written record does not negate the existence or significance of these traditions; rather, it highlights the responsibility of oral historians to preserve and share the knowledge entrusted to them. The fact that some descendants of the Sultans have forgotten these practices does not diminish their historical value or authenticity. My primary concern lies in the research, authentication, and preservation of noble lineages, particularly those tracing back to the Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ). The Prophet (ﷺ) emphasized the importance of knowing and preserving one’s lineage, stating Abu Huraira reported: The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said, “Learn your lineages to solidify your family ties. Verily, keeping family ties causes love among the kinship, enriches the wealth, and increases the lifespan.” Source: Sunan al-Tirmidhī 1979

عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ عَنْ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ تَعَلَّمُوا مِنْ أَنْسَابِكُمْ مَا تَصِلُونَ بِهِ أَرْحَامَكُمْ فَإِنَّ صِلَةَ الرَّحِمِ مَحَبَّةٌ فِي الْأَهْلِ مَثْرَاةٌ فِي الْمَالِ مَنْسَأَةٌ فِي الْأَثَرِ

1979 سنن الترمذي كتاب البر والصلة باب ما جاء في تعليم النسب

. Islamic scholars have echoed the importance of lineage preservation, recognizing it as essential for understanding familial connections, maintaining social harmony, and honoring the noble heritage of the Prophet’s descendants. By documenting and sharing these oral traditions, I aim to contribute to the validation and preservation of this noble lineage, ensuring its continuity for future generations. This work is my modest effort to safeguard the rich cultural and historical legacy of the Tausug people. It seeks to bridge the gap between oral and written traditions, celebrating the depth of our heritage and inspiring others to value and preserve their own ancestral narratives

References

1. Quiling, Mucha-Shim (2020). “Lumpang Basih”. Journal of Studies on Traditional Knowledge in Sulu Archipelago and Its People, and in the Neighboring Nusantara. 3. Retrieved 20 May 2023.
2. Caluang, Calingalan. “One of the Narrations Regarding the Lumpang Basih.” Retrieved from https://medium.com/@calhussin96/one-of-the-narrations-regarding-the-lumpang-basih-66a1c9b02be6.
3. Shim Quiling, Mucha. “Tawi-tawi Celebrates Karim’ul Makhdum Day”. MindaNews. Retrieved November 7, 2016.
4. Sunyoto, Agus (2003). Suluk Abdul Jalil: Perjalanan Ruhani Syeikh Siti Jenar. Lembaga Kajian Islam dan Sosial (LKIS). ISBN 979–9492–75–0.
5. Aljunied, S. M. K. (2019). Islam in Malaysia: An Entwined History. Oxford University Press.
6. Montalvan II, Antonio (2013–03–11). “The Last Sultan”. INQUIRER.net. Retrieved December 21, 2020.
7. Espaldon, Senator Ernesto (1997). With the Bravest: The Untold Story of the Sulu Freedom Fighters of World War II. Bureau of Public Printing.
8. Caluang, Calingalan. “The Hero Sayyid Kalingalan Caluang.” Retrieved from https://medium.com/@calhussin96.
9. “Faqir Cali.” Retrieved from https://facinote.com/faqircali/.
10. “Sayyid Kalingalan Caluang.” Retrieved from https://sufitariqaphilippines.wordpress.com/?s=caluang.
11. “Salasilah Sin Upat Apo.” Retrieved from https://parsugpatan.blogspot.com/2010/08/salasilah-sin-upat-apo_01.html.

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The history of the Bangsamoro battle for self-determination is replete with examples of bravery, resilience, and leadership. One such example is that of Ansarul Islam, a vital force in the preservation of Islam in the Philippines that provided the groundwork for what became the Moro National Liberation Front (MNLF) and the Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF). Sayyid Captain Kalingalan “Apuh Inggal” Caluang was a crucial player in the formation of Ansarul Islam, and his genealogy, achievements, and legacy have sometimes been misconstrued or, worse, rejected by others. This page aims to correct the record and highlight the significance of Sayyid Capt. Caluang in the context of the Bangsamoro fight and the history of Islam in the Philippines.

The Formation of Ansarul Islam

Following the Jabidah Massacre in 1968, where Tausūg recruits were slain for refusing to participate in the Marcos regime's secret operation to reclaim Sabah, the Moro people mobilized. This massacre served as a rallying point for Muslim leaders to advocate for greater autonomy and preservation of their rights. These commanders included Sayyid Capt. Kalingalan Caluang, Rashid Lucman, Salipada Pendatun, Domocao Alonto, Hamid Kamlian, Udtog Matalam, and Atty. Macapantun Abbas Junior. The movement sought to preserve and advance Islam in the Philippines while also pushing for Moro rights. This group prompted the formation of the MNLF and the MILF, which would continue the campaign for Bangsamoro autonomy in the years that followed.

Sayyid Captain Kalingalan Caluang’s Lineage and Legacy

Sayyid Capt. Kalingalan Caluang comes from a long tradition of royal and religious leaders in Sulu. He was Caluang's son, the grandson of Panglima Bandahala, and a direct descendant of Sayyid Qasim, a Ba'Alawi sada of Hadhrami origin. His grandfather, Panglima Bandahala, was a close adviser and relative of Sultan Jamalul Kiram II, serving in posts such as Municipal President and peace emissary. This strong tie to the Sulu Sultanate and its leadership not only legitimized Sayyid Capt. Caluang's leadership, but also linked his role to the preservation of Islamic heritage in the region.

His illustrious genealogy, which dates back to the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him), supplied him with both spiritual authority and esteem. His father, Caluang ibn Panglima Bandahala, and grandfather, Panglima Bandahala, were descended from Sattiya Munuh, who was the son of Sayyid Qasim, a Hadhrami descendant from the Ba'Alawi sada. This hallowed genealogy, which led right back to the Prophet (PBUH), gave their family enormous prestige and duty in the Moro community.

While many famous leaders were acknowledged for their ties to the Sultans of Sulu, Sayyid Captain Kalingalan Caluang's ultimate uniqueness resided in his descent from the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH). The Moro people valued their direct ancestry to the Prophet, who is the foundation and core of Islam, more than their proximity to the Sultans. This sacred lineage bore a great deal of responsibility for upholding Islamic ideals and principles in governance and leadership.

The Role of Panglima Bandahala: Guardian of Tradition and Ceremony

Sayyid Kalingalan's grandfather, Panglima Bandahala, was a key figure in the Sulu Sultanate. He received from his uncle, Binatal Arah, a member of the Isnani family ancestry, the important role of overseeing the Gibha ceremony, which is essential for one to become Sultan.. The Gibha was more than just a coronation; it represented divine sanction and spiritual validity. Panglima Bandahala's descent from Sattiya Munuh, another illustrious character in Sulu, cemented his family's place in history, which was further defined by the fact that his ancestors never addressed the Sultan as “Ampun” (lord), a term of submission. This distinct dynamic reveals their shared bloodline with the Sultanate, which confirms their descent from the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH).

Relatives of Sayyid Captain Kalingalan Caluang

Other distinguished relatives of Sayyid Captain Caluang also share the honor and prestige of his lineage, such as his cousin, 2nd Lieutenant Imam Marajukin L. Ahad, also known as Imam Jamalul, whose lineage from Ba Alawi further demonstrates the family's sacred connections to the Prophet (PBUH). Similarly, Panglima Mammah, who is the son of Panglima Mangummah and the grandson of Sultan Jamalul A’zam I, was the uncle of Sayyid Captain Kalingalan Caluang, showcasing the strong familial ties they have with the Sulu royal family. Sayyid Captain Kalingalan Caluang's great grandfather, Sattiya Munuh, who was the son of Qasim, was related to Paduka Muhammad “Mat Salleh” Salleh.

Cooperation and Valor: The War Hero during WWII

Sayyid Captain Kalingalan Caluang's contributions extended beyond religious and cultural preservation. In the Sulu Archipelago during World War II, he displayed exceptional courage and was awarded the Bronze Star Medal for his leadership. His inventive methods and fearless bravery when confronted with challenges created a lasting impact in the area. His leadership went beyond the war period, building connections that influenced the future after the war.

Sayyid Captain Kalingalan Caluang was awarded the Bronze Star Medal for his courage and leadership in WWII, presented to him on February 4, 1944, for his exceptional actions in the Sulu Archipelago under Executive Order №9419. His remarkable decision-making, creativity, and proactive approach in critical scenarios, particularly in challenging conditions, were highly recognized. His outstanding efforts to boost military spirits, along with his brave deeds like assigning patrols to intercept the enemy and delivering aid from Borneo, solidified his reputation as a hero of war.

Contributions During Martial Law and the MNLF

Ferdinand Marcos' declaration of Martial Law in 1972 constituted a watershed moment in the Bangsamoro fight, highlighting the importance of strategic partnerships and support. Sayyid Captain Kalingalan “Apuh Inggal” Caluang, whose heroism and leadership earned him great acclaim during World War II, played a critical role during this volatile period.

His connections and influence were critical in aiding the Bangsamoro rebellion. Notably, his actions enabled the Top 90 MNLF militants to undergo critical training in Sabah. Tun Mustapha, the Chief Minister of Sabah at the time, had a strong bond with Sayyid Capt. Kalingalan Caluang, which stemmed from their shared genealogy to the Sultans of Sulu. This shared background produced a strong and brotherly relationship between the two leaders, resulting in widespread support for the Bangsamoro cause. Tun Mustapha's help enabled the first cadre of MNLF fighters, including famous leaders such as Al Hussein Caluang, to get critical training in Sabah following their initial preparation in Luuk, Sulu (today called Kalingalan Caluang). Sayyid Captain Kalingalan Caluang's responsibility went beyond just military planning. He displayed his diplomatic skills by ensuring Dr. Pacifico Marcos' safe return to Zamboanga, so cementing his position as a respected and important leader.

During this moment of heavy struggle, Nur Misuari, who would later become a key role in the MNLF, asked pardon from Sayyid Captain Caluang for his previous conduct. This act of reconciliation demonstrates not just the challenges of leadership, but also the tremendous regard that contemporaries had for Sayyid Captain Kalingalan Caluang. His ability to handle these complex connections while remaining steadfastly committed to the Bangsamoro cause demonstrates the significant influence of his leadership during one of the most difficult periods in Moro history.

Honoring a Legacy: The Municipality of Kalingalan Caluang

Presidential Decree №838 was enacted on December 6, 1975, to formally acknowledge the contributions of Kalingalan Caluang by establishing it as a municipality. This legislation acknowledges his enduring influence in the area and his advocacy for the Bangsamoro community.

Conclusion: The Enduring Importance of Lineage

Although Sayyid Captain Kalingalan Caluang's contributions to the Moro struggle are unquestionable, his real legacy is rooted in his relationship with the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH). The core of Islam revolves around the Prophet, and all dignity originates from him. The life, lineage, and leadership of Sayyid Captain Caluang illustrate the significant duty of upholding the bloodline of the Prophet. His participation in Ansarul Islam and the Moro movement went beyond politics, as it was also deeply intertwined with the eternal principles of Islam and the teachings of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH). This is the heritage that needs to be recalled, respected, and safeguarded for future descendants.

References Alonto, R. (2009). 13 stories of Islamic leadership (Vol. 1). Asian Institute of Management – Team Energy Center for Bridging Societal Divides.

Dañguilan Vitug, M., & Gloria, G. M. (2013, March 18). Jabidah and Merdeka: The inside story. Rappler. Archived from the original on September 13, 2015. Retrieved September 13, 2015.

Espaldon, E. (1997). With the bravest: The untold story of the Sulu freedom fighters of World War II. Bureau of Public Printing.

Fallon, J. E. (1989, August). Igorot and Moro national reemergence. Fourth World Journal, 2(1). Archived from the original on August 18, 2007. Retrieved September 5, 2007.

Hataman lashes at Parlade for 'fake news' remarks on Jabidah killings. (2019, August 23). Manila Bulletin. Retrieved October 7, 2021.

Majul, C. A. (1985). The contemporary Muslim movement in the Philippines. Mizan Press.

Marites Dañguilan Vitug; Glenda M. Gloria. (2013, March 18). Jabidah and Merdeka: The inside story. Rappler. Archived from the original on September 13, 2015. Retrieved September 13, 2015.

Muslim, M. A. (1994). The Moro armed struggle in the Philippines: The nonviolent autonomy alternative. Office of the President and College of Public Affairs, Mindanao State University.

Sambalud, M. (2018, September 27). Massacres during Marcos regime gave birth to Moro resistance. Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved October 7, 2021.

Yegar, M. (2002). Between integration and secession: The Muslim communities of the Southern Philippines, Southern Thailand and Western Burma/Myanmar. Lexington Books.

1st: 2nd Lieutenant Imam Marajukin L. Ahad also known as Imam Jamalul or Imam Illawwah, was born on April 9, 1918, in Tapian Bohey, Mantabuan.

He was the fourth of seven siblings. His father, Sayyid Mohammad Ahad Sayyid Wahidun Bin Jalang, traced his lineage to the Ba Alawi family in Yemen. Imam Jamalul is a cousin of Sayyid Captain Kalingalan Caluang, as confirmed by his descendant, Sayyid Nasser Misal Marajukin.

2nd: Panglima Mammah, son of Panglima Mangummah (also known as Panglima Sakadudukan) and grandson of Sultan Muhammad Jamalul A’zam I, was the uncle of Sayyid Captain Kalingalan Caluang. Hj Ayyub Mammah, Panglima Mammah's son, was a cousin of Sayyid Captain Kalingalan Caluang. Their close relationship is well-remembered, as narrated by Hj Ayyub Mammah’s daughter and his grandson, Sayyid John Mammah Manaligod.

Dr. Calingalan Hussin Caluang, MPH

Pioneer and Founding member of SALAAM-AdZU

Sunni, Ash’ari in Aqeeda, Shafi’i in Fiqh,

Practitioner of Ilmuh Kamaasan(Bangsamoro Spirituality, Culture and Tradition)

Servant of the 41 Sufi Turuq(Spiritual Orders)

Naqib Sadat Al Ashraf of the Philippines(Ijazah from the Nuqaba Sadat Al Ashraf of Turkey and Algeria)

Lineage Father Side: Calingalan Hussin Caluang son of Former OIC Governor(1996) of Sulu Sayyid Sharif Al Hassan Caluang(Practitioner of Ilmuh Kamaasan, With Ijazah in the 41 Spiritual Orders/Tariqa in Sunni Islam) son of Sayyid Sharif Hji Yahya Caluang (Elder Brother of Sayyid Al Hussein Caluang who was the MNLF Field Marshal and MNLF Top 90) son of Sayyid Sharif Captain Kalingalan “Apuh Inggal” Caluang (First commander of the famed Combat Company of the Sulu Area Command and recipient of the Bronze Star Medal, Cousin of Sgt. Imam Marajukin L. Ahad, Cousin of Hj Ayyub Mammah son of Panglima Mammah son of Panglima Mangummah/Sakadudukan son of Sultan Muhammad Jamalul A’zam I) son of Sayyid Sharif Caluang son of Sayyid Sharif Panglima Bandahala (Right Hand and Relative of Sultan Jamalul Kiram II) son of Sayyid Sharif Satya Munuh(famed as the Awliya/Saint of Tandah Sulu,respected relative of the Sultan and also said to be the Uncle of the Sultan in his time, relative of the hero of Sabah Paduka Datu Muhammad Salleh) son of Sayyid Sharif Kasim/Qasim(Arab of Hadhrami Descent, tracing back his Lineage to the 7 Sunni Sufi Missionaries who brought Islam to the Philippines: Tuan Mashaykha,Shariful Hashim,Karim Makhdum, Tuan Maqbalu, Balfaki Alawi, some of the Wali Songo of Indonesia)

Lineage Mother Side: Calingala Hussin Caluang son of Marlene Tuando Hussin daughter of Sayyid-Sharif Usman Hashim Hussin(Descendant of the Sayyid-Sharif/Salip of Patikul, related to the Sayyid-Sharif Sarajan Family)

Note: Sharif is an Arabic title denoting descent from Imam Hassan bin Ali alayhimus salam, while Sayyid denotes descent from Imam Hussain bin Ali alayhimus salam. Both are descendants and grandsons of the Prophet Muhammad (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam).

Muqaddam Mutlaq(Authorized Representative) of the Tijaniyyah Tariqa:

 With Ijazah(Permission/ Certification) from Sayyiduna Shaykh Dahiru Usman Bauchi (Grandshayh of Tijani Tariqa in Nigeria,Deputy chair of the Fatwa Committee of the Supreme Council Of Islamic Affairs (NSCIA) in Nigeria)  With Ijazah(Permission/ Certification) from Sayyiduna Shaykh Imam Salah El Din Al Tijani Al Hasani (Grandshaykh of Tijani Tariqa in Egypt, Polymath Islamic Scholar,Professor of Medicine at the Faculty Of Medicine Kasr Al Ainy of Cairo)  With Ijazah(Permission/ Certification) from Sayyiduna Shaykh Mouhamadou Mahy Cisse (Director of Studies at the African American Islamic Institute)  With Ijazah(Permission/ Certification) in teaching, transmitting, spiritual formation of the 41 Spiritual Orders(Tariqa plural:Turuq ) of the Ahlus Sunnah Wal Jama’ah  With Ijazah(Permission/ Certification) in the Science of Authenticating,Validating and Preserving Genealogy of the descendants of the Prophet Muhammad sallallahu alayhi wa sallam from the Naqib al-Ashraf (نقيب الأشراف: “Office of the Overseer of the Nobles” or “Chief of the Nobles”) of Turkey and Algeria  With Ijazah(Permission/ Certification) from Sayyiduna Shaykh Muhammad Al-Yaqoubi(author of Refuting ISIS: A Rebuttal Of Its Religious And Ideological Foundations)  With Ijazah(Permission/ Certification) from Sayyiduna Shaykh Ali Gomaa(Former Grand Mufti of Egypt)  With Ijazah(Permission/ Certification) from Sayyiduna Shaykh Muhammad Tahir-ul-Qadri(Founder of Minhaj-ul-Quran International and Pakistan Awami Tehreek, author of Fatwa on Terrorism and Suicide Bombings) Affiliated with the Naqshbandi Tariqa and with Ijazah(Permission) from Sayyiduna Shaykh Muhammad Adil Rabbani Qaddasallahu Sirrahu (Grandshaykh of the Naqshbandi Tariqa Worldwide )

Affiliated with the Qadiriyya Tariqa and with Ijazah(Permission) from Sayyiduna Shaykh Hashimuddin Gaylani (Grandshaykh of the Qadiriyyah Tariqa Worldwide)

Affiliated with the Shadhiliyya Tariqa and with with Ijazah(Permission) from Sayyiduna Shaykh Dr. Nizar Jamili (Shadhili Qadiri Tariqa under Shaykh As Sayyid Hazim Abu Ghazalah the Mufti and Head of the Jam-e-Yatu Darul Quran institution, Jordan)

Affiliated with the Rifai’iyyah Tariqa and with Ijazah(Permission) from Sayyiduna Shaykh Fawaz Al-Tabaa Al-Rifai Al-Hasani (Member of the Association of Scholars of Ahrar al-Sham in Syria, Chairman of the Genealogy Investigation Committee in the Al-Sada Al-Ashraf Foundation in Syria)

Affiliated with the Chishtiyyah Tariqa and with Ijazah(Permission) from Sayyiduna Shaykh Ambar Chishti (Chairman at Moinuddin Foundation, Ambassador of Peace at Institute of Peace and Development or INSPAD)

Affiliated with the Muridiyyah Tariqa and with Ijazah(Permission) from Sayyiduna Shaykh Bara Falilou Mbacke Qaddasallahu Sirrahu (Shaykh of the Muridiyyah Tariqa, CEO of Shaykh Ahmadu Bamba Foundation, Head of Shariah Department African Institute of Islamic Finance)

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The job market is undergoing a significant transformation, with AI technologies reshaping the employment landscape. In the past year, notable companies such as Unacademy, Ola, Blinkit, and White Hat Junior witnessed a substantial number of layoffs. The impact of AI on jobs is multifaceted, and understanding the nuances is crucial for professionals navigating this changing landscape.

The Rise of AI and Job Market Dynamics

Direct Job Replacement

The advent of generative AI has directly impacted certain job roles. Startups like Dukaan and Paytm employed chatbots powered by generative AI to handle customer service inquiries. This move resulted in increased productivity and cost savings but also led to job losses in customer-facing roles.

Increased Productivity

AI is enhancing productivity in various industries, requiring fewer human resources to accomplish tasks. Companies like BMW are using AI for virtual car testing, reducing the need for physical testing and potentially leading to job cuts in traditional testing roles.

Changing Company Priorities

Companies are shifting their priorities towards AI, influencing job cuts in certain departments. Microsoft's decision to lay off employees while simultaneously investing in AI exemplifies this trend. As AI becomes a top priority, roles in other departments may become obsolete.

The Three Faces of AI Impact

To comprehend the evolving job market, we can categorize AI's impact into three cases:

1. Direct Job Replacement: AI replaces specific roles, as seen in customer service chatbots.
2. Increased Productivity: AI enhances efficiency, reducing the need for excess manpower.
3. Changing Company Priorities: Companies realign their focus on AI, leading to job cuts in non-AI-related roles.

Navigating the AI Job Market

Solutions and Opportunities

1. Skill Enhancement:

• Invest in acquiring skills that complement AI technologies.
• Consider training programs and scholarships focusing on the latest AI skills.

2. Adaptability:

• Stay adaptable to evolving job requirements.
• Embrace continuous learning to stay relevant in the changing job landscape.

3. Prioritize Mental and Physical Well-being:

• Address AI anxiety by prioritizing mental health.
• Recognize the importance of maintaining overall well-being during professional transitions.

Future Job Opportunities

While certain jobs may be at risk, new opportunities arise in the AI era. Roles such as prompt engineers, ethics and governance specialists, and data curators are gaining significance. These positions require human intelligence to fine-tune AI models, ensure ethical AI use, and manage data effectively.

Conclusion

The impact of AI on jobs is a nuanced landscape where challenges coexist with opportunities. Understanding the dynamics and proactively adapting to the evolving job market is key. As AI continues to shape industries, individuals equipped with the right skills and a resilient mindset will thrive in this transformative era.

This post is inspired from the following video by Mohak Mangal